金杯银杯不如老百姓的口碑

饶毅：55年前，袁隆平发表论文的意义

焦裕禄，一个身价22亿的发明家

首先，他是个武器发明家。早在部队里时，他就发明过一种叫石雷的武器，不仅缓解了我军弹药库的燃眉之急，还利用巧妙的布雷让敌人闻风丧胆，击退了装备远优于我们的国民党军。

其次，他还是一位工业发明家，在新中国成立初期，发明了我国第一台2.5米双筒卷扬机，填补了我国卷扬机科研项目的空白，结束了长期依赖进口的局面。

最后，他还是一位产业发明家， 凭借其超前的战略眼光，在一片沙碱地上开创出了兰考的“泡桐”产业，让当年全中国最贫困的县，摇身变成了如今全国最大的民族乐器生产基地，产值高达20多亿元，远销到海外十几个国家和地区。

他用车间装箱板钉成的长条板凳当床，盖上棉衣眯一觉，到了4、5点钟又开始新一天的工作，连续50多天没回过家。经常一个馒头，一杯白开水，就算吃了一顿饭。

中国人为何蔑称朝鲜人「棒子」

根据黄的研究，「棒子」原为「帮子」，指的是朝鲜使团里的奴婢。康熙年间王一元《辽左见闻录》对这个词记载最早：「朝鲜贡使从者之外，其奔走服役者，谓之『棒子』。」这个词在朝鲜的汉字文献里也可找到，写作「帮子」、「榜子」或「房子」，读作「bangza」。

帮子在朝鲜是社会底层，最为贫困，一旦加入使团出访，就有了大把寻私牟利的机会。他们屡次购买清政府明令禁止出口的物品，走私到朝鲜获得暴利；替使团购买物资时，也会想方设法贪污钱财，连使团进贡的贡品也是他们偷窃的对象。对中国百姓，帮子们也偷鸡摸狗，百般滋扰，中国人诉至使团官员，处理办法一般就是「决棍」、「重杖」，一顿棒打，于是让中国人把「帮子」写成了「棒子」。

「棒子」这一蔑称，最迟在乾隆年间便开始为中国百姓投诸使用。乾隆三十一年，洪大容记述朝贡见闻时提到：「有群童数十，竟呼『高丽帮子』，吆喝而追之。」洪听到「帮子」，中国小孩喊的很可能是「棒子」。讽刺的是，在同一段记载中，洪大容按朝鲜的习惯，把中国车夫也称作「帮子」。

What do near-death experiences mean, & why do they fascinate us?

At the University of Kentucky, the neurologist Kevin Nelson, who, like Greyson, has spent years recording NDEs as a kind of academic side-gig, thinks of the experiences as “a blending of two states of consciousness – wakefulness & REM sleep – during a time of great physical or emotional danger,” & argues that many NDEs are “dream-like”, existing in a neurological “borderland”.

Greyson writes: “I take seriously the possibility that NDEs may be brought on by physical changes in the brain,” though he also accepts that the mind might be able to function “independent” of it.

To Greyson, the impact near-death experiences have on people’s lives has been his most surprising discovery. “I make a living by trying to help people change their lives,” he says. “It’s not easy to do. But here I’ve found an experience that, sometimes in a matter of seconds, dramatically transforms people’s attitudes, values, beliefs, & behaviours.” Often, these changes persist over decades. In most instances, experiencers realise they are no longer afraid to die, which “has a profound impact on how they live their lives”, because “you lose your fear of life as well – you’re not afraid of taking chances.”

The Rise Of The Appuccino: How TikTok Is Changing StarbucksTikTok如何改变星巴克

“To teens, Starbucks remains a place where you can act (a bit) like a grown up & you can be a space with minimum adult supervision (especially if you can pass for white.)” said Simon. “Parents on the other hand basically trust the brand (trust the price points & locations will filter out the wrong kinds of people.)”
The TikTok effect is significant: Owen, a barista in Nashua, New Hampshire, told BuzzFeed News that there was a time last summer where a viral TikTok drink — iced white mocha with cold foam & caramel drizzle — was so popular that it accounted for about 1 in 5 drinks he made during the afternoon shift.

从殖民起源到取消文化：未曾纯真的博物馆

现在，唯一能为我的过去岁月赋予意义的方法，就是展出我收集的物件——锅碗瓢盆、装饰摆设、衣物、绘画——就像人类学家所做的那样。*
我从环球旅行和漫游伊斯坦布尔中观察到，存在两种收藏家：骄傲的收藏家，他们乐于将自己的收藏展示给全世界（这类人在西方很常见）；害羞的收藏家，他们把收集来的东西都藏起来（一种非现代习性）。
*——奥尔罕·帕慕克《纯真博物馆》

在整个欧洲和西方世界，看上去价值中立、代表着“科学”进步理想的自然历史博物馆与殖民主义渊源颇深。一个尤为臭名昭著的例证便是美国的自然历史博物馆和文化博览会中的北美原住民/印第安人。从欧洲人与北美原住民的初次接触开始，后者就被频繁地展示于皇室宫廷、巡回演出、马戏团以及各大世界博览会上。到了十九世纪下半叶，随着自然历史博物馆的兴起，对活生生的印第安人的奇观化、娱乐消遣化与“科学探究的兴趣”结合起来，博物馆展览作为一种教育工具被呈现给新生的美国公众。而讽刺的是，这时候的博物馆往往成为印第安人的最后避难所，因为白人殖民之下他们业已失去赖以生存的土地。

博物馆乃至其他文化机构中的殖民主义和种族主义问题并不是封存于过去的化石，而是涉及到从基础设施到认知框架（例如“西方&世界其他地方”框架或“野蛮-文明”线性进化叙事）、到权力结构、到决策过程，再到文化权威的方方面面。有的博物馆建在从原住民那里非法掠夺而来的土地上；殖民时期被夺走的无数人类遗骸躺在博物馆贮藏室里，无法回到家人和族人身边；殖民时代被盗取的文物今天仍在博物馆展出——没有适当背景介绍、也没有对原文化和社群的赔偿；包括原住民在内的文物所属者的自我表达依然无足轻重；继续简化原住民和其他群体的生活世界中的内在张力和复杂性（例如标本化和东方主义化的“纯真”和“岁月静好”）……这些都足以说明，殖民主义和种族主义的幽灵今日依然萦绕在博物馆上空。因此，为博物馆去殖民化并不是什么“文化战争”的一部分，更不是谄媚政治正确、波及无辜的运动风潮，而是极其必要、早该采取却因种种原因未能采取的举措。

中国经济的数字逻辑

减缓劳动力减少的一个方法，是让农民工在城市落户。我国城市职工一般60岁退休，农民工一般干到45岁左右，年龄再大，沿海城市的企业一般就不招聘他了。农民工本来可以干到60岁，现在只干到45岁，就回乡去了，少干15年，就等于就业工龄少三分之一。户籍制度改革以后，允许农民工在城市落户，不仅是改善农民工待遇的问题，同样也是生产力的问题，可以增加人口红利。哪个城市把农民工的城市化户籍制度做好，就会为这个城市赢得10年、15年的人口红利。

从保证粮食安全的角度看，我国每年人均口粮消费约为150公斤，肉禽蛋奶折合饲料粮人均300公斤左右，按13.7亿人口规模和耕地亩均360千克粮食单产计算，就需要17亿亩耕地。再加上蔬菜、水果需求，20亿亩耕地就显得捉襟见肘了。我们国家有一个判断，为解决中国13亿多人的吃饭问题，至少需要18亿亩耕地，这是必须守住的底线，是国家安全所在。

阮一峰摘录自《分析与思考：黄奇帆的复旦经济课》的片段，后边大都是关于房地产方向的论述。

Why We Speak More Weirdly at Home为什么我们在家说话更古怪

Familects help us feellike family. Private in-group language fosters intimacy & establishes identity . In a study on the use of idiosyncratic terms among couples, researchers found that personal language nurtures a feeling of closeness & often appears in attempts for connection or reconciliation. When people use familect terms, they reinforce the stories, rituals, & memories that hold them together as a group. “Every time they use that phrase, they are pointing to all the previous uses of it,” Gordon said. “It reaffirms their ‘familyness’ in a way. It re-creates their relationship.”

While living under the weight of what can feel like constant, history-shaping upheaval, we might be tempted to dismiss these words as frivolous, at-times-embarrassing artifacts of everyday life. But everyone I spoke with valued their familect. They delighted in sharing it. They saw it as an intimate extension of their home. As we talked, I could feel the energy between us shift, a mixture of pride & vulnerability, as they trusted me with the family dictionary. Gordon told me that sharing one’s familect is also the act of welcoming outsiders into one’s clan. “The truth is,” she said, “moment by moment, in everyday language use, we create our families.”

Motoi Yamamoto Made 100,000 Sakura Petals From Salt in Memory of His Family

Space race 2: Russian actor bound for ISS in same month as Tom Cruise

Hollywood star is aiming to be first to shoot a feature film in space, but Russia has launched rival bid
美俄新一代的太空竞赛，笑

迈阿密的色彩

视频：The Golden Ratio: Is It Myth or Math?黄金比例：是神话还是数学？

有人说这是宇宙中最神秘的数字。其他人说，从自然的图案到艺术和设计中的美，它构成了一切的基础。

视频：(中英字幕)对话伯特兰·罗素 (1952)

罗素在80岁之际谈了下自己的感悟。时年1952，他也不禁忧心忡忡，以政治眼光看世界。有些地方也说得隐晦，译者只好按自己理解稍微交待时代轮廓。确实可能有失偏颇，但总得有个方向，不致在光滑平面上行走。

山东省和河南省 签订了《黄河生态保护协议》，规定从河南流入山东的黄河水，如果水质改善一个等级，山东给予河南6000万元补偿资金；如果恶化一个等级，河南给予山东6000万元补偿资金。

有趣的网站：恶心食物博物馆

The Disgusting Food Museum, which opened in 2018, is the brainchild of Samuel West, a forty-seven-year-old psychologist who was born in California & has lived in Sweden for more than two decades. In 2016, during a trip to Zagreb, Croatia, he wandered into the Museum of Broken Relationships. As he studied the remnants of strangers’ failed romances—photos of hookup spots; a diet book that a woman received from her fiancé—West came up with an idea for a museum dedicated to failed business products & services. A year later, in Helsingborg, Sweden, he opened the Museum of Failure, where the takeaway was simple: blunders are the midwives of success. One example on display at the museum was the Newton, a personal digital assistant released by Apple in 1993. Its shoddy handwriting software & exorbitant price nearly torpedoed the entire company, but its sleek black design eventually inspired the iPhone. The exhibits also included Bic for Her, a line of pens, from 2011, that were designed for women; DivX, a 2003 trademark for “self-destructing” DVDs that could be watched for only forty-eight hours; a collection of Harley-Davidson perfumes, from the mid-nineties; & Trump: The Game, a Monopoly ripoff released in 1989.

文摘

1. 机器学习模型的耗电量越来越大。目前，最复杂的模型 GPT-3，要使用 1,287 兆瓦的电能，相当于大型水电站的发电量，运行一次产生552公吨的二氧化碳排放量。— 《谷歌否认 AI 模型的低效率》
2. 莫名想到了卡尔维诺的《树上的男爵》，柯希莫最后抓住了那个热气球，消失在天空中，到死也没有回到地面，或许遗言就想这样，以一种未知的方式，轻飘飘地消失在人们的视野中
3. 和人相关的服务性的内容，你无法指望这个行业形成一个自律的行业规范去推出一个标准化的服务，让你去享用。 ——via 弗兰克扬
4. 「编辑」基本上是很孤独的作业，编书、编杂志都一样，完全没差别。杂志规模越大，参与制作的人数越多，但最终判断还是应交由总编一人去做，杂志才会产生个性。反过来，如果感觉不到总编的招牌风格，杂志不会有趣。
5. 旅行不是为了看到不同的事物，而是为了学会不同地看待事物。（You don’t travel to see different things, you travel to see things differently.）— Ben Davenpor，风险投资家

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